As well as the male suffix -ec, that has been above-mentioned by the Vidovic-Muha (), the analysis plus refers to brand new Slovenian male suffix -ar
The first area of the paper concerns the brand new derivation away from female and you may male nouns having specialities into the English and you can Slovenian. The study signifies that the latest dominating particular female nouns when you look at the one another languages comes to derivation through affixation, if you’re English comes with the compounding. Masculinatives is actually uncommon in both languages; they are primarily shaped in relation to procedures which were usually felt a portion of the feminine sphere. This new suffix isn’t energetic but can nevertheless be found in the word babicar (‘male midwife’). The best difference between both dialects is the fact modern English appears to be leaving the utilization of gender-noted forms (except for the brand new unusual feminatives one to continue to be), while inside Slovenian, as evidenced from the corpus research, employing feminatives is on the rise. The explanation for so it asymmetry are grounded on the truth that English enjoys a close non-existent grammatical gender program, and in most cases spends the same terminology to describe an excellent man or woman working in a certain community. Ergo, regarding feminine referents the employment of feminine nouns is now prominent, due to the fact the means to access victoriabrides Mobile male universal models is on this new refuse.
Our corpus analysis shows that the distinctions anywhere between male and you will female nouns to possess disciplines might be best shown from the exploring its collocators, semantic tastes, and you will semantic contacts (Sinclair 1996 and Philip 2010).
Slovenian nouns denoting specialities keeps clear referents pertaining to gender, and their modern-day have fun with – confirmed in corpora – shows an obvious inclination for the contract between grammatical and biological genders
New collocators away from English male and you will women nouns to your checked out disciplines (actress/star, policewoman/cop during the waiter/waiter) indicates that it share specific semantic surroundings: relevant procedures; metropolises and you may landscape of this field; private brands; conditions discussing the quality of the things they’re doing; as well as the typical measures associated with the field. Some particular associative significance also are revealed if we check the brand new collocators outlining peoples traits and appearance. The newest feminatives often co-are present having phrases getting stereotypically women character traits and you may identity (as well as sexual
connotations). It is in accordance with Caldas-Coulthard and Moon (2010), who explain eg asymmetries which have stereotypes out-of gender, sexualization of females, together with as we grow older and you can actions.
Slovenian male/female sets getting disciplines show equivalent conclusions. Regarding semantic preference, we are able to observe terms related to normal steps; normal metropolitan areas and you may landscaping; relevant disciplines; personality traits; and appearance. The corpus analysis together with inform you particular significant distinctions. Brand new pairs out of Slovenian masculine and women nouns talking about professions shall be split into several groups. The initial one constitutes sets that will be semantically similar and stylistically un), since the pairs on next group try susceptible to (a degree of) semantic narrowing and you will stylistic marking.
A prototype towards very first classification is the partners zdravnica/zdravnik (‘female/male doctor’), each of which can co-can be found that have phrases writing on the kind of works, normal measures and you will related professions. The feminine nouns this kind of sets try stylistically unmarked. An equivalent conclusion is going to be achieved to your sets sodnica/sodnik (‘female/male judge’) and you may vzgojiteljica/vzgojitelj (‘female/men kindergarten teacher’), but with good caveat. The form of the two sodnica/sodnik convergence on the industries of law and you can recreation; but not, the info together with mirror new public position of your job – one ranking (elizabeth.grams., constitutional evaluator) continue to be primarily reserved for men. The two vzgojiteljica/vzgojitelj can be defined as an excellent borderline instance ranging from marked and you will unmarked definition. The newest corpus analysis highly recommend a level of semantic narrowing and you will stylistic marking: this is regarding « teacher from inside the a student dormitory » means men, while the access to adjectives (diligent women and you will rigid males) what to gender stereotyping.